This article presents a linguocultural reconstruction of the Ural Cossacks’ food worldview fragment based on the lexical material from V.I. Dal’s essay “The Ural Cossack”. The study employs an integrated methodological approach with a continuous sample of all diet-related lexemes in V.I. Dal’s essay, supplemented by componential and etymological analysis with reference to dialectal dictionaries. The findings are interpreted within the historical and cultural framework of Old Believer traditions and interethnic contacts in the region. Particular attention is paid to such terms as khleb, shchi, kashitsa, kaimak, kokurki, as well as designations of wild edible plants and animal products. Each lexical item is accompanied by a cultural commentary. The analysis reveals that this dietary vocabulary is of heterogeneous origin, incorporating both native Russian lexemes and borrowings from contact ethnic groups, and reflects distinctive features of the Ural Cossacks’ domestic practices, religious beliefs, and social identity.